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NAVIGATING THE INTERNET: AN INTERACTIVE WORKSHOP Richard J. Smith University of Southwestern Louisiana rs@usl.edu Today I get a respite from the lecture duties. (I have to work on my dissertation proposal for Dr. Tomer) Our guest lecturer is Dr. Chris Tomer. Christinger Tomer is an assistant professor in the Department of Library Science, School of Library and Information Science, University of Pittsburgh. His professional interests include information retrieval, wide-area networking, and electronic publishing. He is a member of the American Library Association and the American Society for Information Science. Before joining the faculty of the University of Pittsburgh, he taught at Case Western Reserve University, Notre Dame College of Ohio, and Slippery Rock University of Pennsylvania. ############################################################ ################## A BRIEF LOOK AT RESOURCES AVAILABLE VIA REMOTE LOGIN Christinger Tomer <ct@coltrane.lis.pitt.edu> School of Library and Information Science University of Pittsburgh August 16, 1992 INTRODUCTION It is often said that from a functional point of view, the heart of the Internet is made up of electronic mail, anonymous FTP, and remote login. Of the three capabilities, remote login is closest to the hearts of those who view the cyberspace of the Internet as an inhospitable wilderness to be explored and mapped (and eventually tamed). This segment looks briefly at remote login, from a procedural basis and in terms of some of the information resources that are available across the Internet via remote login. REMOTE LOGIN The keys to remote login are the ability to: (1) establish a connection with another machine; (2) emulate a terminal compatible with the remote machine; and (3) regulate the flow of data from local terminal to remote machine, and vice versa. On the Internet, the ability to connect with another machine is made possible by the Transmission Control Protocol, which enables two machines to transmit data back and forth in manner coherent to the operating systems of each device, and the Internet Protocol, which provide a unique, 32-bit address for each machine connected to the network. The telecommunications application built over these capabilities provides the local terminal with the means to emulate a terminal compatible with the remote computer; in the case of NCSA Telnet, for example, the default terminal emulation is VT102, with optional support for VT52 and Tektronics terminals. The importance of these capabilities are not be underrated. Taken together, they provide the means by which a user with an account on an Internet- connected computer may take advantages of computing and information services from all over the world. In the UNIX or VMS environments, remote login is facilitated by using Telnet to establish a connection with a remote machine identified by its IP address in the command string. For example, to establish a connection with the campus-wide network at Texas A&M University, the command string would be: telnet venus.tamu.edu In the IBM environment, the utility known as tn3270 provides the same connecting service. EXAMPLES OF SERVICES AVAILABLE VIA REMOTE LOGIN There are several types of information service available across the Internet via remote login. Perhaps the most important of them are library-related services that many colleges and universities are building in conjunction with their online public access catalogs. In most instances, they offer services that are intended primarily for local use -- and in some cases are restricted to local use only as a result of contractual limitations attached by the vendors of commercial products such as dictionaries, encyclopedias, and databases -- but a number of them may be used remotely. In addition, there are dedicated databases available across the Internet, providing information services on subjects ranging from agriculture (Penn State's PENPages) to education (access to ERIC through Syracuse University) to meteorology (University of Michigan). There are also campus-wide information systems providing access to array of information resources, much of it of local relevance only, some of it more general value. (In addition to the types of services noted above, bulletin board systems are playing a larger and larger role in the delivery of information services on the Internet. They provide the structure and simplicity of navigation that many users want, and most of them seem acceptably secure. There are a number of interesting ones, but as Mel Roseman noted in a recent posting the School Media and Network Communications listserver, if there is one to see, it is the "Guest Site" offered by Washington & Lee's University Law Library. The IP address of this service is 137.113.10.35. The login is "lawlib." No password is required.) The first of several examples that we will examine is the online public access catalog at Dartmouth College's Baker Library. There are three features of note about Dartmouth's OPAC. First, it offers users a version of the Command Common Language as the basis for searching its databases and displaying results. (The Common Command Language was formally adopted by the National Information Standards Organization as technical standard Z39.58 in 1991. Consisting of nineteen basic terms for searching and display of output, the Common Command Language is intended to provide a basic, standardized command syntax for inexperienced and infrequent of online information services.) The second noteworthy feature is that the OPAC developed by the staff of the Baker Library provides local users with access to a series of commercial information services, including the American Heritage Electronic Dictionary, Grolier's Academic American Encyclopedia, the World Factbook 1991, five years' worth of MEDLINE, and the Modern Language Association Bibliography. It is the electronic equivalent of the "ready reference" service that librarians have traditionally provided readers. Third, the Dartmouth OPAC offers users the unrestricted access to the "searchable" full texts of the King James version of the Bible, the plays of William Shakespeare, and Shakespeare's sonnets. (There is also access to an index of the Baker Library's photographic archives and several indexes pertaining to the Williams/Watson Theatre Collection.) The Internet address of Dartmouth's Baker Library is baker.dartmouth.edu. No logname or password is required. A request for remote login at this address takes the user directly to the opening screens of the Baker Library's OPAC. Users who want to use any of the commercial information services noted above must furnish an authorization number provided by Dartmouth; otherwise, the system is available for general use. |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| | Screen 1 | | | | Welcome to the | | Dartmouth College Library Online System | | Copyright 1987 by the Trustees of Dartmouth College | | | | The WORLD FACTBOOK FILE now contains 1991 data. Type SELECT FILE WORLD | | FACTBOOK to search it. (26 June 1992) | | | | The CATALOG file now contains information about U.S. Government Documents. | | The GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS file can also be searched alone. (23 Jun 1992) | | | | Type SHOW NEWS for information about new developments in the Online System.| | | | You are now searching the CATALOG file. To search another file, | | type SELECT FILE. | | | | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Type one of the following commands, or type HELP for more information: | | FIND - to search SELECT FILE - to change files BYE - to quit | | BROWSE - to scan indexes CONNECT - to use systems outside Dartmouth | | -> select file | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Please note at the bottom of this screen, the "select file" command has been entered on the command line and executed. The resulting screen provides a general inventory of the files that may be used from the vantage point of the Dartmouth OPAC. Once a connection with the OPAC at the Baker Library has been established and the opening screens have been displayed, the user must select the file to be searched. This example portrays a search of several files, the first of them being the file entitled "BIBLE," which is described briefly on Screen 2. |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| | Screen 2 | | | | | | The following files are available for searching in the Dartmouth | | College Library Online System. Type one of the file names listed, or | | type HELP for more information, or press BREAK to cancel your command. | | | | The online library catalog: | | CATALOG - including BOOKS, SERIALS, ORDERS and GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS | | BOOKS - books, maps, sound recordings, microforms, etc. | | ORDERS - on order and in process materials | | SERIALS - journals, periodicals, magazines, newspapers, etc. | | GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS - U.S. Government Documents | | | | Reference materials (for Dartmouth users only): | | DICTIONARY - American Heritage Electronic Dictionary | | ENCYCLOPEDIA - Grolier's Academic American Encyclopedia, in full text | | WORLD FACTBOOK - World Factbook 1991 | | 1990 WORLD FACTBOOK - World Factbook 1990 | | | | Indexes to the journal literature (for Dartmouth users only): | | DARTMED - 5 years Dartmouth subset of NLM's MEDLINE file | | MEDLINE - 5 years of the NLM's MEDLINE file | | CURRENT DARTMED - Current month Dartmouth subset of NLM's MEDLINE file | | CURRENT MEDLINE - Current month of NLM's MEDLINE file | | MESH - Medical Subject Headings from NLM, used in the DARTMED file. | | MLA BIBLIOGRAPHY - materials in literature, folklore and linguistics | | | | Complete texts of literature and scholarly works: | | BIBLE - the King James Version of the Bible | | SHAKESPEARE PLAYS - thirty-three plays by Shakespeare | | SHAKESPEARE SONNETS - all of Shakespeare's Sonnets | | | | Indexes to other library-owned materials: | | GMAJOR - index to the Williams/Watson sheet music collection | | PLAYBILL - index to the Williams/Watson collection of theater programs | | THESPIS - index to the Williams/Watson Theatre Collection of clippings | | PHOTO RECORDS - index to the library's photographic archives | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Press RETURN for more information, type PS to see previous screen, press | | BREAK to see a menu, or type the completion of your SELECT FILE command. | | | | -> SELECT FILE shakespeare plays | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| (Screen 2 is an amalgam of two screens displayed by the Dartmouth OPAC. They have been combined here in the interests of visual continuity.) In the search illustrated here, the objective is to identify the passages of the King James' version of the Bible in which the word "courage" has been used. As the next screen illustrates, there are several modes available for the conduct of this search. |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| | Screen 3 | | | | You are now searching the BIBLE file. | | You are now searching the King James Version of the Bible. | | | | Each item, or document, that you retrieve is a single chapter of one | | Book of the Bible. Each item contains a Book name, a Chapter number, | | and many Verses. | | | | You can search the following indexes: | | GENERAL - finds your words anywhere in the Chapter. | | TEXT - finds all Chapters containing your words in the same Verse. | | BOOK - finds all Chapters of that Book (FIND BOOK EXODUS) | | CHAPTER - use this in conjunction with BOOK, to find a specific | | Chapter of a specific Book (F BOOK GENESIS AND CHAPTER 4) | | | | There are no stopwords. | | | | The books classed as the Apocrypha are not in this version of the Bible. | | | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Type one of the following commands, or type HELP for more information: | | FIND - to search SELECT FILE - to change files BYE - tp quit | | BROWSE - to scan indexes CONNECT - to use systems outside Dartmouth | | -> find general courage | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| The screen below lists the sixteen chapters (and associated verses) of the Bible in which the word "courage" appears. |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| | Screen 4 | | | | You are now searching the BIBLE file. | | Search S1: FIND GENERAL COURAGE | | Result S1: 16 chapters in the BIBLE file. | | | | 1. Numbers 13 | | 20 And what the land is, whether it be fat or lean, whether ... | | 2. Deuteronomy 31 | | 6 Be strong and of a good courage, fear not, nor be afraid ... | | 3. Joshua 1 | | 6 Be strong and of a good courage: for unto this people shalt ... | | 4. Joshua 2 | | 11 And as soon as we had heard these things, our hearts did ... | | 5. Joshua 10 | | 25 And Joshua said unto them, Fear not, nor be dismayed, be ... | | 6. 2 Samuel 10 | | 12 Be of good courage, and let us play the men for our people ... | | 7. 1 Chronicles 19 | | 13 Be of good courage, and let us behave ourselves valiantly ... | | 8. 1 Chronicles 22 | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | Press RETURN to continue display, or type one of the following commands: | | DISPLAY LONG FIND HELP SELECT FILE PRINT | | DISPLAY CONTEXT BROWSE BYE | | | | -> display context | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| The Common Command Language provides users with a series of options for the display of search output. Here, two of those options are available, "DISPLAY LONG" and "DISPLAY CONTEXT." The latter option limits the display to the specific verse (or verses) in which the queried term appears. See below. |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| | Screen 5 | | | | Search S1: FIND GENERAL COURAGE | | Result S1: 16 chapters in the BIBLE file. | | | | -1- | | Book: Numbers | | Chapter: 13 | | Verse: 20 And what the land is, whether it be fat or lean, whether there | | be wood therein, or not. And be ye of good courage, and bring of | | the fruit of the land. Now the time was the time of the firstripe | | grapes. | | | | -2- | | Book: Deuteronomy | | Chapter: 31 | | Verse: 6 Be strong and of a good courage, fear not, nor be afraid of | | them: for the LORD thy God, he it is that doth go with thee; he | | will not fail thee, nor forsake thee. | | (Press RETURN for remainder of chapter | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Press RETURN to continue display, or type one of the following commands: | | DISPLAY LONG FIND HELP SELECT FILE PRINT | | DISPLAY CONTEXT BROWSE BYE | | -> | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| In the example illustrated by Screen 6 through Screen 8, the search for the word "courage" is repeated. In this instance, the file searched is a full text version of Shakespeare's plays. |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| | Screen 6 | | | | You are now searching the experimental Shakespeare Plays file. It | | consists of the full text of thirty-three of Shakespeare's plays, from | | Arthur Bullen's Stratford Town Edition. The plays included are: | | | | Macbeth Twelfth Night As You Like It The Two Gentlemen of Verona| | Othello King Henry V A Comedy of Errors A Midsummer Night's Dream | | King Lear Julius Caesar Antony and Cleopatra King Henry IV (Part I) | | King John Timon of Athens Measure for Measure King Henry IV (Part II) | | Cymbeline Romeo and Juliet Troilus and Cressida Much Ado About Nothing | | Pericles Titus Andronicus Love's Labour's Lost The Taming of the Shrew | | Hamlet King Richard II The Winter's Tale The Merry Wives of Windsor | | King Richard III The Tempest King Henry VI (Part II) | | The Merchant of Venice King Henry VI (Part III) | | | | For more information on using the SHAKESPEARE PLAYS file, type: | | EXPLAIN INDEXES EXPLAIN FIELDS EXP PLAYS | | EXP FILE STRUCTURE EXPLAIN CONTEXT EXP DISPLAY FORMATS | | For a complete User's Guide, type E USERS GUIDE, or ask at any Library. | | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Type one of the following commands, or type HELP for more information: | | FIND - to search SELECT FILE - to change files BYE - to quit| | BROWSE - to scan indexes CONNECT - to use systems outside Dartmouth | | -> find general courage | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| | Screen 7 | | | | You are now searching the SHAKESPEARE PLAYS file. | | Search S1: FIND GENERAL COURAGE | | Result S1: 56 scenes in the SHAKESPEARE PLAYS file. | | | | 1. THE FIRST PART OF KING HENRY THE FOURTH. ACT II. SCENE III. | | 2. THE FIRST PART OF KING HENRY THE FOURTH. ACT III. SCENE I. | | 3. THE FIRST PART OF KING HENRY THE FOURTH. ACT IV. SCENE III. | | 4. THE SECOND PART OF KING HENRY THE FOURTH. ACT I. SCENE I. | | 5. THE SECOND PART OF KING HENRY THE FOURTH. ACT IV. SCENE III. | | 6. ANTONY AND CLEOPATRA. ACT IV. SCENE XIV. | | 7. ANTONY AND CLEOPATRA. ACT V. SCENE I. | | 8. ANTONY AND CLEOPATRA. ACT V. SCENE II. | | 9. AS YOU LIKE IT. ACT II. SCENE IV. | | 10. AS YOU LIKE IT. ACT III. SCENE III. | | 11. JULIUS CAESAR. ACT V. SCENE I. | | 12. KING HENRY THE FIFTH. ACT I. SCENE II. | | 13. KING HENRY THE FIFTH. ACT II. SCENE III. | | 14. KING HENRY THE FIFTH. ACT II. SCENE IV. | | 15. KING HENRY THE FIFTH. ACT III. SCENE VII. | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Press RETURN to continue display, or type one of the following commands: | | DISPLAY MEDIUM DISPLAY PREVIEW HELP SELECT FILE PRINT | | DISPLAY LONG DISPLAY CONTEXT FIND BROWSE BYE | | -> display context 15 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| | Screen 8 | | | | Search S1: FIND GENERAL COURAGE | | Result S1: 56 scenes in the SHAKESPEARE PLAYS file. | | | | -1- | | Play: THE FIRST PART OF KING HENRY THE FOURTH. | | Act: ACT II. | | Scen: SCENE III. | | Text: LADY PERCY. | | O, my good lord, why are you thus alone? 2/3/33 | | For what offence have I this fortnight been 2/3/34 | | A banish'd woman from my Harry's bed? 2/3/35 | | Tell me, sweet lord, what is't that takes from thee 2/3/36 | | Thy stomach, pleasure, and thy golden sleep? 2/3/37 | | Why dost thou bend thine eyes upon the earth, 2/3/38 | | And start so often when thou sitt'st alone? 2/3/39 | | Why hast thou lost the fresh blood in thy cheeks; 2/3/40 | | And given my treasures and my rights of thee 2/3/41 | | To thick-eyed musing and curst melancholy? 2/3/42 | | In thy faint slumbers I by thee have watch'd, 2/3/43 | | And heard thee murmur tales of iron wars; 2/3/44 | | Speak terms of manage to thy bounding steed; 2/3/45 | | Cry, "Courage! to the field!"- and thou hast talk'd 2/3/46 | | Of sallies and retires, of trenches, tents, 2/3/47 | | Of palisadoes, frontiers, parapets, 2/3/48 | | Of basilisks, of cannon, culverin, 2/3/49 | | Of prisoners' ransom, and of soldiers slain, 2/3/50 | | And all the currents of a heady fight. 2/3/51 | | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------| |Press RETURN to continue display, or type one of the following commands: | | PS (previous screen) DISPLAY MEDIUM DISPLAY PREVIEW SELECT FILE HELP | | FIND DISPLAY LONG DISPLAY CONTEXT PRINT BYE | | -> | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Navigating the Internet: An Interactive Workshop Copyright (C) 1992 by Richard J. Smith, All Rights Reserved. Permission granted for individual usage.